| Peer-Reviewed

Acute Blood Pressure and Pulse Rate Response to Isometric Handgrip Exercise at 30% Maximum Voluntary Contraction in Prehypertensive Subjects

Received: 24 January 2022     Accepted: 13 February 2022     Published: 9 March 2022
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

Public health promotion and recommendation of physical exercise by agencies and organizations have not favourably considered isometric exercise in contrast with dynamic exercise. This reluctance has been premised on the fear that isometric exercise could be hazardous due to the striking acute increase in the blood pressure. Therefore, this study examined the acute effects of isometric handgrip exercise at 30% maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) on the blood pressure and pulse rates in prehypertensives. One hundred and ninety two (n=192) middle aged (30-50years) sedentary prehypertensive subjects, were enrolled into the study. The subjects completed two bouts of isometric handgrip exercise at 30% MVC and their blood pressure and pulse rates were measured within 5minutes and 10 minutes post-exercise. Following the completion of the study, result shows an acute (5minutes) blood pressure and pulse rate increase of 8.9mmHg, 6.96mmHg and 9.57b/min in the systolic and diastolic blood pressure and pulse rate respectively which was statistically significant at P<0.05. On the other hand the rise in blood pressure and pulse rates rapidly dropped to -0.91±1.73mmHg, 2.06±1.15mmHg and 5.06±2.37b/min respectively within 10 minutes post exercise which was statistically significant at P<0.05. In summary, this study has established that the blood pressure response at to isometric handgrip exercise at 30%MVC comprises of an immediate rise in blood pressure and pulse rate but rapidly returns to pre exercise levels within ten minutes post-exercise. The acute significant rise in the blood pressure and pulse rates following isometric handgrip exercise at 30%MVC requires that caution should be applied in its application in hypertensive patient’s population but the rapid decline to pre training levels could be an added advantage.

Published in Advances in Applied Physiology (Volume 7, Issue 1)
DOI 10.11648/j.aap.20220701.12
Page(s) 8-14
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Hypertension, Prehypertension, Isometric Handgrip Exercise, Maximum Voluntary Contraction, Blood Pressure, Pulse Rates, Acute Increase

References
[1] American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM). (2009) ACSM’s guidelines for exercise testing and prescription. 8th ed. New York: Williams &Wilkins.
[2] www.nhlbi.nih.gov. (n.d.). The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC 7) | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI). [online] Available at: https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/seventh-report-of-joint-national-committee-on-prevention-detection-evaluation-and-treatment-high-blood-pressure.
[3] Brook, R. D., Appel, L. J., Rubenfire, M., Ogedegbe, G., Bisognano, J. D., Elliott, W. J., Fuchs, F. D., Hughes, J. W., Lackland, D. T., Staffileno, B. A., Townsend, R. R., Rajagopalan, S. and American Heart Association Professional Education Committee of the Council for High Blood Pressure Research, Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing, Council on Epidemiology and Prevention, and Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity (2013). Beyond medications and diet: alternative approaches to lowering blood pressure: a scientific statement from the american heart association. Hypertension (Dallas, Tex.: 1979), [online] 61 (6), pp. 1360–83. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23608661 [Accessed 9 Feb. 2020].
[4] Wiles J. D., Katrina T., Damian C., Rajan Sharma and Jamie M. O’Driscoll, The safety of isometric exercise: Rethinking the exercise prescription paradigm for those with stage 1 hypertension. Medicine 2018; 97: 10 (e0105).
[5] Araujo F. S., Raphael M. R, Reginaldo L. N., Eduardo S. N. F., José F. N. M., Moreira S. R. Effects of isometric resistance training on blood pressure and physical fitness of men; Motriz, Rio Claro, 2018; 24 (2) e101803.
[6] Mancia G., Debacker G., and Dominiczak A. Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: the Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). J Hypertens. 2007; 25: 1105–1187.
[7] Jeelani M. and Taklikar R. H. Isometric exercise and its effect on blood pressure and heart rate: a comparative study between healthy, young, and elderly males in and around Raichur city International Journal of Scientific Study, 2018; 6 (1): 12-16.
[8] Millar, P. J., Levy, A. S., McGowan, C. L., McCartney, N., and MacDonald, M. J. Isometric handgrip training lowers blood pressure and increases heart rate complexity in medicated hypertensive patients. Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports, 2013; 23, 620–626.
[9] Cornelissen V. A. and Smart N. A. (2013). Exercise Training for Blood Pressure: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J. Am. Heart Assoc. 2013, 2: (58) 950-958.
[10] Inder J. D., Carlson D. J., Dieberg G., McFarlane J. R., Hess N. C. L. and Smart N. A. (2016). Isometric exercise training for blood pressure management: a systematic review and meta-analysis to optimize benefit. Hypertension Research (2016) 39, 88–94.
[11] Wiley R. L., Dunn C. L., Cox R. H., Hueppchen N. A. and Scott M. S. (1992). Isometric exercise training lowers resting blood pressure. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 24: 7. 749-754.
[12] MacDonald JR, MacDougall JD, Hogben CD. The effects of exercising muscle mass on post exercise hypotension. J Hum Hypertens. 2000; 14 (5): 317–320.
[13] Headley SA, Claiborne JM, Lottes CR and Korba CG (2006). Hemodynamic responses associated with post-exercise hypotension in normotensive black males. Ethnicity & Dis. 6: 190-201.
[14] Chrysant S. G. Current Evidence on the Hemodynamic and Blood Pressure Effects of Isometric Exercise in Normotensive and Hypertensive Persons. J. Clin. Hypertens (Greenwich). 2010; 12: 721–726.
[15] Kivowitz, C., Parmley, W. W., Donoso, R., Marcus, H., Ganz, W., and Swan, H. J. C. Effects of isometric exercise on cardiac performance. The grip test. Circulation, 1971; 44, 994.
[16] Kearney P. M., Whelton M., Reynolds K., Muntner P., Whelton P. K., He J. Global burden of hypertension: analysis of worldwide data. Lancet; 2005, 365: 9455. 217–23.
[17] Buck C. and Donner AP. Isometric occupational exercise and the incidence of hypertension. J Occup Med. 1985; 27: 370-372.
[18] Kiveloff B. and Huber O. Brief maximal isometric exercise in hypertension. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1971; 19: 1006-1012.
[19] Ogbutor G U, Nwangwa E K, Uyagu D D. Isometric handgrip exercise training attenuates blood pressure in prehypertensive subjects at 30% maximum voluntary contraction. Niger J Clin Pract 2019; 22: 1765-71.
[20] Millar P. J., Bray S. F., and McGowan C. L. (2007). Effects of isometric handgrip training among people medicated for hypertension: a multilevel analysis. Blood Press Monit. 12: 307–314.
[21] Delaney EP, Greaney JL, Edwards DG, Rose WC, Fadel PJ, Farquhar WB. Exaggerated sympathetic and pressor responses to handgrip exercise in older hypertensive humans: role of the muscle metaboreflex. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 2010; 299: H1318–1327.
[22] Chobanian A. V., Bakris G. L, Black H. R. (2013). Eighth report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: JAMA 428 26: 2061-72.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Ogbutor Udoji Godsday, Nwangwa Eze Kingsley, Agbonifo Chijiokwu Ejime, Nwabueze Zuwaira, Ephraim Chukwuemeka, et al. (2022). Acute Blood Pressure and Pulse Rate Response to Isometric Handgrip Exercise at 30% Maximum Voluntary Contraction in Prehypertensive Subjects. Advances in Applied Physiology, 7(1), 8-14. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aap.20220701.12

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Ogbutor Udoji Godsday; Nwangwa Eze Kingsley; Agbonifo Chijiokwu Ejime; Nwabueze Zuwaira; Ephraim Chukwuemeka, et al. Acute Blood Pressure and Pulse Rate Response to Isometric Handgrip Exercise at 30% Maximum Voluntary Contraction in Prehypertensive Subjects. Adv. Appl. Physiol. 2022, 7(1), 8-14. doi: 10.11648/j.aap.20220701.12

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Ogbutor Udoji Godsday, Nwangwa Eze Kingsley, Agbonifo Chijiokwu Ejime, Nwabueze Zuwaira, Ephraim Chukwuemeka, et al. Acute Blood Pressure and Pulse Rate Response to Isometric Handgrip Exercise at 30% Maximum Voluntary Contraction in Prehypertensive Subjects. Adv Appl Physiol. 2022;7(1):8-14. doi: 10.11648/j.aap.20220701.12

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.aap.20220701.12,
      author = {Ogbutor Udoji Godsday and Nwangwa Eze Kingsley and Agbonifo Chijiokwu Ejime and Nwabueze Zuwaira and Ephraim Chukwuemeka and Nwogueze Bartholomew Chukwuebuka and Nkemakonam Ezeonu and Ugoeze Francis Chinedu and Ezunu Emmanuel and Awele Nworah and Igweh John Chukwuma},
      title = {Acute Blood Pressure and Pulse Rate Response to Isometric Handgrip Exercise at 30% Maximum Voluntary Contraction in Prehypertensive Subjects},
      journal = {Advances in Applied Physiology},
      volume = {7},
      number = {1},
      pages = {8-14},
      doi = {10.11648/j.aap.20220701.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aap.20220701.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.aap.20220701.12},
      abstract = {Public health promotion and recommendation of physical exercise by agencies and organizations have not favourably considered isometric exercise in contrast with dynamic exercise. This reluctance has been premised on the fear that isometric exercise could be hazardous due to the striking acute increase in the blood pressure. Therefore, this study examined the acute effects of isometric handgrip exercise at 30% maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) on the blood pressure and pulse rates in prehypertensives. One hundred and ninety two (n=192) middle aged (30-50years) sedentary prehypertensive subjects, were enrolled into the study. The subjects completed two bouts of isometric handgrip exercise at 30% MVC and their blood pressure and pulse rates were measured within 5minutes and 10 minutes post-exercise. Following the completion of the study, result shows an acute (5minutes) blood pressure and pulse rate increase of 8.9mmHg, 6.96mmHg and 9.57b/min in the systolic and diastolic blood pressure and pulse rate respectively which was statistically significant at P<0.05. On the other hand the rise in blood pressure and pulse rates rapidly dropped to -0.91±1.73mmHg, 2.06±1.15mmHg and 5.06±2.37b/min respectively within 10 minutes post exercise which was statistically significant at P<0.05. In summary, this study has established that the blood pressure response at to isometric handgrip exercise at 30%MVC comprises of an immediate rise in blood pressure and pulse rate but rapidly returns to pre exercise levels within ten minutes post-exercise. The acute significant rise in the blood pressure and pulse rates following isometric handgrip exercise at 30%MVC requires that caution should be applied in its application in hypertensive patient’s population but the rapid decline to pre training levels could be an added advantage.},
     year = {2022}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Acute Blood Pressure and Pulse Rate Response to Isometric Handgrip Exercise at 30% Maximum Voluntary Contraction in Prehypertensive Subjects
    AU  - Ogbutor Udoji Godsday
    AU  - Nwangwa Eze Kingsley
    AU  - Agbonifo Chijiokwu Ejime
    AU  - Nwabueze Zuwaira
    AU  - Ephraim Chukwuemeka
    AU  - Nwogueze Bartholomew Chukwuebuka
    AU  - Nkemakonam Ezeonu
    AU  - Ugoeze Francis Chinedu
    AU  - Ezunu Emmanuel
    AU  - Awele Nworah
    AU  - Igweh John Chukwuma
    Y1  - 2022/03/09
    PY  - 2022
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aap.20220701.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.aap.20220701.12
    T2  - Advances in Applied Physiology
    JF  - Advances in Applied Physiology
    JO  - Advances in Applied Physiology
    SP  - 8
    EP  - 14
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2471-9714
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aap.20220701.12
    AB  - Public health promotion and recommendation of physical exercise by agencies and organizations have not favourably considered isometric exercise in contrast with dynamic exercise. This reluctance has been premised on the fear that isometric exercise could be hazardous due to the striking acute increase in the blood pressure. Therefore, this study examined the acute effects of isometric handgrip exercise at 30% maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) on the blood pressure and pulse rates in prehypertensives. One hundred and ninety two (n=192) middle aged (30-50years) sedentary prehypertensive subjects, were enrolled into the study. The subjects completed two bouts of isometric handgrip exercise at 30% MVC and their blood pressure and pulse rates were measured within 5minutes and 10 minutes post-exercise. Following the completion of the study, result shows an acute (5minutes) blood pressure and pulse rate increase of 8.9mmHg, 6.96mmHg and 9.57b/min in the systolic and diastolic blood pressure and pulse rate respectively which was statistically significant at P<0.05. On the other hand the rise in blood pressure and pulse rates rapidly dropped to -0.91±1.73mmHg, 2.06±1.15mmHg and 5.06±2.37b/min respectively within 10 minutes post exercise which was statistically significant at P<0.05. In summary, this study has established that the blood pressure response at to isometric handgrip exercise at 30%MVC comprises of an immediate rise in blood pressure and pulse rate but rapidly returns to pre exercise levels within ten minutes post-exercise. The acute significant rise in the blood pressure and pulse rates following isometric handgrip exercise at 30%MVC requires that caution should be applied in its application in hypertensive patient’s population but the rapid decline to pre training levels could be an added advantage.
    VL  - 7
    IS  - 1
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Department of Physiotherapy, Federal Medical Centre, Asaba, Nigeria

  • Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria

  • Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria

  • Department of Physiotherapy, Federal Medical Centre, Asaba, Nigeria

  • Department of Physiotherapy, Federal Medical Centre, Asaba, Nigeria

  • Department of Human Physiology, College of Health Sciences, Evangel University, Akaeze, Nigeria

  • Department of Physiotherapy, Federal Medical Centre, Asaba, Nigeria

  • Department of Internal Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Asaba, Nigeria

  • Department of Internal Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Asaba, Nigeria

  • Department of Physiotherapy, Federal Medical Centre, Asaba, Nigeria

  • Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria

  • Sections